LESSON 3 ADOLESCENCE

Development Stages in Middle and Late Adolescence

As adolescents develop physically, they also develop cognitively, psychologically, socially, and spiritually.

1.    The ages during adolescence

Early Adolescence

Ages from 10-13 years old

2.    Middle Adolescence

Ages from 14 - 16 years old

3.    Late Adolescence

Ages from 17 - 20 years old

Erik Erikson

·         German-born American psychologist and psychoanalyst.

·         Known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings.

·         He may be famous for coining the phrase identity crisis.

Stages of Personality Development

Erik Erikson’s eight stages of personality development define each stage of human development with a crisis or a conflict. Each crisis or conflict either gets resolved or may be left unresolved, resulting in favorable or unfavorable outcomes.

Self- reliance

The ability to identify their own skills and knowledge, capabilities, and resources to engage in meaningful activities and not rely too much on others.

Ability to manage finances

be able to discern what is the difference between “wants” and “needs,” and be able to learn self-control when handling their finances.

Social Responsibility

adolescents should be able to see beyond themselves, take into consideration the greater community around them, and see their role in improving and developing these communities, serving as change agents.

Mature Work Orientation

develop pride in what they do and raise standards of excellence in the quality of their work.

Personal Responsibility

to be fully responsible for their own decisions and actions by owning them, become aware of the repercussions or results of the decisions they make and be mature enough to “own” these results, and refrain from putting blame on others for the results of their decisions and actions.

Positive Attitude Toward Work

developing a healthy and positive attitude toward work means that we see work as an expression of our love for people who are important to us, including ourselves.

Additional list of developmental tasks & skills a Filipino adolescent should acquire:

·         Being courageous and standing up and being different from your friends

·         Developing self- esteem

·         Being true to yourself and avoiding the tendency to please others

·         Learning how media and advertising are trying to influence our thinking and feelings.

·         Becoming aware, critical and being involved with social issues.

·         Embracing a healthy lifestyle.

·         Developing your spirituality.

DEVELOPMENT STAGES IN MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE

Adolescence

o   Adolescence is a period of time between childhood and adulthood. 

o   Adolescence is that transitional period between the dependence of childhood (age 12 in the U.S.) and the independence of adulthood.

Psychosocial Development Theory

            If a child does not resolve a crisis in a particular stage, they will have problems in later stages. The stages are as follows:

Stage 1 – Oral Sensory

Stage 2 – Muscular-Anal

Stage 3 – Locomotor

Stage 4 – Latency

Stage 5 – Adolescence

Stage 6 – Young Adulthood

Stage 7 – Middle Adulthood

Stage 8 – Maturity

Stage 1 – Oral Sensory
Trust vs. Mistrust

·         birth to 1 year (infancy)

·         the infant must develop a loving, trusting relationship with the mother/caregiver through feeding, teething and comforting

·         This stage is all about fulfilling needs.

·         If they are not fed, or their diaper is left dirty, they may develop a mistrust in the outside world.

Stage 2 – Muscular-Anal
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

·         age 1 to 3 years (toddler)

·         The important event is toilet training and the important relationship is with the parents

·         The child’s energy is directed towards mastering physical skills such as walking, grasping and muscular control

Stage 3 – Locomotor
Initiative versus guilt

age 3 to 6 years (preschool)

the important event is independence and the important relationship is family

the child continues to become more assertive in exploration, discovery, adventure and play

Stage 4 – Latency
Industry vs. Inferiority

·         age 6 to 12 years (school age)

·         the child must learn to deal with new skills and develop a sense of achievement and accomplishment

·         failure to do so can create a sense of inferiority, failure and incompetence

Stage 5 – Adolescence
Identity vs. Role Confusion

·         age 12 to 20 years (adolescent)

·         the important event is development of peer relationships

·         The teenager must achieve a sense of identity in occupation, sex roles, politics and religion.

·         In addition, they must resolve their identity and direction.

Stage 6 – Young Adulthood
Intimacy vs. Isolation

·         age 20 to 40 years

·         in this stage, the individual must develop intimate relationships through work and social life

·         failure to make such connections can lead to promiscuity, exclusivity and isolation

Stage 7 – Middle Adulthood
Generativity vs. Stagnation

·         age 40 to 65 years

·         the important event is parenting and the important relationships are with children and the community

·         this stage is based on the idea that each adult must find a way to satisfy, support and contribute to the next generation; it is often thought of as giving back

·         Erikson believed that by the time we reach our mid 30s to mid 50s we start to really examine our lives and see if it is going the way we planned it or did it take a drastic turn.

Stage 8 – Maturity
Integrity vs. Despair

·         age 65 to death

·         the important event is reflection on and acceptance of the individual’s life

·         reflecting on life achievements

·         failure to resolve this conflict can create feelings of disdain & despair.

·         Integrity vs. Despair

·         Towards the end of our lives we look back and evaluate ourselves.

·         Did we live a good life?

·         Leave behind a legacy of friends or family?